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A diary study is an in-depth reflection on learning processes or teaching experiences regularly kept by an individual and then analyzed to look for recurring patterns or significant events.〔Bailey, Kathleen M. (1990) The use of diary studies in teacher education programs In Richards, J. C. & Nunan, D. (org.). Second Language Teacher Education (pp. 215–226). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.〕 Diary studies are often used in qualitative studies and can be analyzed by diarists themselves or by researchers. It is a research genre gaining popularity in the TESOL field. Originated from both psychological and anthropological research, diary studies involve systematic personal accounts of the feelings, thoughts, beliefs, attitudes and reactions over a period of time. In other words, it is a kind of self-observation, introspection and retrospection. Diarists can freely write about their thoughts and have no need to answer some previously imposed questions for the research.〔Mackey, A. ＆ Gass, M. S. (2008). Second language research (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.〕 We can often find unexpected underlying factors, especially affective factors through diary studies. Common external research tools such as observation cannot reach the affective part so far. ==Types of diary study== ;Learning diary There are two broad types of diary study in the field of TESOL: learning diary and teaching diary. Leaning diaries, also known as learner diaries, can be documented as a pedagogical tool for teachers in the EFL classroom to discover learners’ perception of classroom activities, learning difficulties and their interaction with teachers and peers. They can be adopted as a research tool to gain insight into learners’ language learning experiences.〔McDonough, J. (1994). A teacher looks at teachers’ diaries. ''ELT Journal'', 48, 57–65.〕 A well-known diary study in this field is Schmidt and Fronta’s research on Schmidt’s Portuguese learning diary in Brazil.〔Schmidt, W. R., ＆ Fronta, N. S. (1986) Developing basic conversational ability in a second language: A case study of an adult learner of Portuguese In Day, R. (Eds.).Talking to learn: Conversation in second language and acquisition pp. (237-326). Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.〕 In addition, learner diaries can be documented as a teacher training tool in teacher education programs to help pre-service teachers have varied and rich perceptions about teaching. A learner diary can not only fill gaps between what we generally think and what diarists really think, but also enhance learner autonomy. By keeping the diary, learners can have a clearer idea of their current learning progress and try to find different strategies to manage their own learning. ;Teaching diary Teaching diaries can offer a fresh perspective of teachers’ experiences, their teaching styles and strategies, their feelings about the students, and their judgments in the classroom. Teaching diaries can help teachers to find the patterns in their classroom, make appropriate instructional decisions, adjust their teaching and reconsider their future roles while teaching. Numrich in 1996, for example, found interesting issues about early preoccupations of novice ESL teachers and the reasons why they chose some instructional methods through her diary study.〔Numrich, C. (1996). On becoming a language teacher: Insights from diary studies. ''TESOL Quarterly'', 30, 131–153.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diary studies in TESOL」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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